Toxicology Grape and Raisin Toxicosis in Dogs
The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to
Animals’ Animal Poison Control Center (APCC) reports a trend in dogs that have
ingested grapes or raisins. Almost all of them develop acute renal failure
(ARF).
The source of the fruits did not seem to matter (whether store-bought or
home-grown), and the suspected grapes and raisins tested negative for
pesticides, fertilizers or antifungals. Ingested amounts ranged from over 1 pound of grapes to a single human serving size of raisins.
Clinical signs
include vomiting a few hours after ingestion, anorexia, diarrhea, lethargy and
abdominal pain that can last from days to weeks. Blood panels frequently show
hypercalcemia, elevated blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and phosphorous, which
increase from 24 hours to days after ingestion. Oliguria and anuria (leading to
death) are possible sequelae.
Treatment protocol: the exact mechanism of renal
failure is unknown. Prevention of ARF can be achieved if treated early enough.
APCC recommends inducing vomiting and administering activated charcoal in
recent ingestions. Give intravenous fluids for 48 hours minimum and monitor
blood chemistries daily. If blood work is normal after 72 hours, it is unlikely
that renal failure will occur. If renal failure has occurred, fluids must be
continued and other medications should be used to stimulate urine production.
Some dogs may require peritoneal dialysis.
If you suspect your pet has ingested grapes or raisin, please contact your veterinarian.
Source: Means, C: The Wrath of Grapes (from VIN) per: 22(2); 2002.
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